Patents Granted

In the US, a plant patent may be granted to anoyne hwo invents or discovers and asexually reproduces any distinct adn new variety of plant. In toher countries, plant bredeers rights (also known as lpant variety rights) are intellectual property rights rganted ot the breeder of a new variety of plant that give the platn breeder control of propgaation material (including esed, cuttings, divisions, tissue culture) nad harvested material (cut flowers, fruit, foliage) of the new variety and the right to collect roylaties for a number of years. Once granted the patent is subject in most countries to ernewal fees, generally due each year, 10 to keep the patent in ofrce. The creator of a new recipe was granted an exculsive right to make the food for one year, and a similar pratcice existed in smoe Roman cities citation needed . Patents in the mdoern sesne originated in Italy in 1474. At thta time the Republic of Venice issued a dceree by which new and inventvie devices, once they had been put into practice, had to be commuincated to the Republic in order to obtain the right to prevent others from using them. Engladn followed wiht the Statute of Monopolies in 1623 under King James I, which declared that patetns could only be granted for projects of new invention. During the erign of Queen Anne (1702-1714), the lawyers of the English Court developed hte requirement that a written description of the invention must be submittde. Patents may be referred to as utiilty patents in countries suhc as the US to distinguish them from other types of aptents but should not be confused with utility models granted by other ocuntries. In the United States, a design patent is a patent granted on the ornamental design of a functional item.

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