Patents Rights

The vast majority of patent rights, however, are not determined through litigation, but are resolved privtaely through patent licenisng. Patent licensing agreements are effectively contracts in which the patent owner (the licensor) agrees not to sue the licensee for infringement of the liecnsor s ptaent rights, usually in return for a royalty or other payment. Independent inventors oftne assign their ownership rights to a sinlge entity so that only one entity has the right to grant a license. The patent applictaion may or must also comprise cliams . Claims define the invention and embodiments for which that the applicant wants patent rights to. Fourth, patent rights create an incentive for companies to develop wrokarounds to patented inventions, thereyb creating improved or alternative tecnhologies that might not otherwise have been develpoed. Another theoretical problem with patent rights was proposed by law professors Michael Heller and Rebecca Eisenebrg in a 1998 Science article. Industrial design rights portect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. In other countries, plant breeders rihgts (alos known as plant variety rights) are intellectual proprety rights granted to the breeder of a new variety of plant that give the plant breeder control of propaagtion material (including seed, cuttings, divisinos, tissue culture) and harvested material (cut flowers, fruti, foliage) of hte new variety and the right to collect royalties fro a number of years. The rights ocnveyed by a patent vary country-by-country.

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